Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav no, covid 19 kev sib kis tau rov zoo nyob hauv ntau lub xeev thiab lub nroog, lub tsev kho mob modular vaj tse, uas yog ib zaug tau txhawb nqa raws li kev paub dhau los rau lub ntiaj teb, tab tom pib tsim kev tsim loj tshaj plaws tom qab kaw Wuhan Leishenshan thiab Huoshenshan modular vaj tse. tsev kho mob.
Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Hauv Tebchaws (NHS) tau hais tias nws yuav tsum ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj 2 txog 3 lub tsev kho mob hloov chaw nyob hauv txhua lub xeev.Txawm hais tias lub tsev kho mob modular vaj tse tseem tsis tau tsim, peb yuav tsum muaj kev tsim kho kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev xav tau sai sai - cov tsev kho mob me me tuaj yeem tsim thiab ua tiav hauv ob hnub.
Jiao Yahui, tus thawj coj ntawm NHC Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Kho Mob tau hais hauv lub rooj sib tham xov xwm uas tuav los ntawm Lub Xeev Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Sib Koom thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Lub Peb Hlis 22 tias tam sim no muaj 33 lub tsev kho mob modular tsev kho mob tau tsim lossis tab tom tsim;20 lub tsev kho mob modular tau tsim thiab 13 tab tom tsim kho, nrog rau tag nrho ntawm 35,000 txaj.Cov tsev kho mob me me no feem ntau yog nyob hauv Jilin, Shandong, Yunnan, Hebei, Fujian, Liaoning ...
Changchun modular tsev kho mob
Lub tsev kho mob me me yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev ib ntus, lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm lub tsev kho mob me me feem ntau tsis pub ntau tshaj ib lub lis piam los ntawm kev tsim mus txog qhov kawg.
Cov tsev kho mob Makeshift ua lub luag haujlwm ua tus choj ntawm kev sib cais hauv tsev thiab mus rau cov tsev kho mob uas raug xaiv, thiab zam kev pov tseg ntawm cov khoom siv kho mob.
Xyoo 2020, 16 lub tsev kho mob modular vaj tse tau tsim nyob rau hauv 3 lub lis piam hauv Wuhan, thiab lawv tau kho txog 12,000 tus neeg mob hauv ib hlis, thiab ua tiav xoom tuag ntawm cov neeg mob thiab xoom kab mob ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob.Daim ntawv thov cov tsev kho mob me me kuj tau coj mus rau Tebchaws Meskas, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Ltalis, Spain thiab lwm lub tebchaws.
Lub tsev kho mob me me tau hloov pauv los ntawm New York Convention thiab Exhibition Center (Source: Dezeen)
Lub tsev kho mob me me hloov pauv los ntawm tshav dav hlau Berlin hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees (Source: Dezeen)
Los ntawm cov tsev pheeb suab hauv lub sijhawm nomadic mus rau lub tsev prefab uas tuaj yeem pom txhua qhov chaw, mus rau cov tsev kho mob me me uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kub ntxhov ntawm lub nroog niaj hnub no, cov tsev nyob ib ntus tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv tib neeg keeb kwm.
Tus neeg sawv cev ua haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm muaj kev hloov pauv "London Crystal Palace" yog thawj lub tsev ib ntus nrog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm.Lub pavilion loj ib ntus ntawm lub Ntiaj Teb Expo yog tag nrho ntawm cov hlau thiab iav.Nws siv sijhawm tsawg dua 9 lub hlis los ua kom tiav.Tom qab qhov kawg, nws tau disassembled thiab thauj mus rau lwm qhov chaw, thiab lub reassembly tau ua tiav tiav.
Crystal Palace, UK (Source: Baidu)
Nyiv tus kws kes duab vajtse Noriaki Kurokawa's Takara Beautilion pavilion ntawm 1970 World Expo hauv Osaka, Nyij Pooj, muaj lub ntsej muag square pods uas tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm lossis txav los ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig hlau skeleton, kos ib kauj ruam loj rau hauv kev xyaum ua haujlwm ib ntus.
Takara Beautilion pavilion (Source: Archdaily)
Niaj hnub no, cov tsev nyob ib ntus uas tuaj yeem tsim tau sai sai ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv txhua yam los ntawm cov tsev teeb tsa ib ntus mus rau theem ib ntus, los ntawm kev pabcuam thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, cov chaw ua yeeb yaj kiab mus rau qhov chaw nthuav tawm.
01 Thaum muaj kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim, cov qauv ib ntus yog qhov chaw rau lub cev thiab lub siab
Kev puas tsuaj loj heev yog qhov tsis tuaj yeem xav txog, thiab tib neeg tau hloov chaw los ntawm lawv.Nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntuj tsim thiab tib neeg tsim, ib ntus architecture tsis yooj yim li "kev txawj ntse tam sim", uas peb tuaj yeem pom kev txawj ntse ntawm kev npaj rau hnub los nag thiab kev lav phib xaub thiab kev saib xyuas tib neeg tom qab tsim.
Thaum ntxov hauv nws txoj haujlwm, tus kws kos duab Nyij Pooj Shigeru Ban tau tsom mus rau kev kawm ntawm cov qauv ib ntus, siv cov ntawv raj los tsim cov chaw nyob ib ntus uas yog ib puag ncig zoo thiab muaj zog.Los ntawm xyoo 1990, nws cov tsev ntawv tuaj yeem pom tom qab kev tsov rog rwandan hauv Africa, kobe av qeeg hauv Nyij Pooj, Wenchuan av qeeg hauv Suav teb, Haiti av qeeg, tsunami nyob rau sab qaum teb Nyiv thiab lwm yam kev puas tsuaj.Ntxiv nrog rau qhov kev hloov pauv tom qab kev puas tsuaj vaj tse, nws txawm tsim cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov tsev teev ntuj nrog cov ntawv, los tsim cov vaj tsev sab ntsuj plig rau cov neeg raug tsim txom.Hauv 2014, Ban yeej Pritzker nqi zog rau Architecture.
Lub tsev ib ntus tom qab kev puas tsuaj hauv Sri Lanka (Source: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Lub tsev kawm ntawv ib ntus ntawm Chengdu Hualin Primary School (Source: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
New Zealand Paper Church(Source: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm COVID-19, Ban kuj coj tus qauv zoo heev.Lub cheeb tsam cais tawm tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas cov ntawv thiab cov raj xa dej uas tuaj yeem cais tus kab mob, thiab nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus nqi qis, yooj yim rau rov ua dua thiab tsim tau yooj yim.Cov khoom tau raug siv los ua qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj ib ntus, cais tawm thiab chaw nyob hauv ishikawa, Nara thiab lwm thaj chaw hauv Nyij Pooj.
(Qhov chaw: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Ntxiv nrog rau nws cov kev txawj ntse hauv cov ntawv raj, Ban feem ntau siv cov thawv ntim khoom npaj los tsim cov tsev.Nws siv ntau lub thawv los tsim lub tsev ib ntus rau 188 tsev neeg rau cov neeg raug tsim txom Nyij Pooj, ib qho kev sim hauv kev tsim cov thawv loj.Cov thawv ntim tau muab tso rau hauv ntau qhov chaw los ntawm cranes thiab txuas nrog twistlocks.
Raws li cov kev ntsuas kev lag luam no, cov tsev nyob ib ntus tuaj yeem tsim tau sai sai hauv lub sijhawm luv luv thiab muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo seismic.
(Qhov chaw: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Kuj tseem muaj ntau qhov kev sim los ntawm Suav cov kws tsim vaj tsev los tsim cov tsev ib ntus tom qab muaj kev puas tsuaj.
Tom qab "5.12" av qeeg, tus kws kes duab vajtse Zhu Jingxiang nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev ruined ntawm sichuan thawj qhov chaw los tsim ib lub tsev kawm ntawv theem pib, lub tsev kawm ntawv tshiab npog thaj tsam ntawm 450 square metres, lub tuam tsev ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv, thiab ntau tshaj 30 tus neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb tau tsim, tsim lub ntsiab. Lub cev qauv siv lub teeb steel keel, daim ntawv sib sau ua lub hnab ntawv thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntxiv dag zog rau tag nrho cov qauv, tuaj yeem tiv taus 10 av qeeg.Cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov khoom siv cua sov yog siv ua ke nrog kev tsim kho ntau lub tsev thiab kev tso chaw zoo ntawm lub qhov rooj thiab qhov rais kom ntseeg tau tias lub tsev sov so rau lub caij ntuj no thiab txias rau lub caij ntuj sov thiab muaj lub teeb pom kev zoo.Tsis ntev tom qab siv lub tsev kawm ntawv, lub tsheb ciav hlau hla kev hla yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm.Kev txav mus los ntawm kev tsim thawj zaug ua kom lub tsev kawm ntawv tuaj yeem rov tsim dua nyob rau ntau qhov chaw yam tsis muaj pov tseg.
(Source: Archdaily)
Tus kws kes duab vajtse Yingjun Xie tau tsim "Lub Tsev Sib Koom Tes", uas siv tag nrho cov khoom siv hauv tsev, xws li cov ceg ntoo, pob zeb, cov nroj tsuag, av thiab lwm yam khoom siv hauv zos, thiab npaj cov neeg nyob hauv zos los koom rau hauv kev tsim thiab kev tsim kho, vam tias yuav ua tiav kev sib haum xeeb. Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov qauv, cov ntaub ntawv, qhov chaw, kev zoo nkauj thiab kev ruaj ntseg architecture.Lub tsev "chaw koom tes" ib ntus no tau ua lub luag haujlwm zoo hauv kev tsim kho av qeeg thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev.
(Tau qhov twg los: Xie Yingying Architects)
02 Lub tsev ib ntus, lub zog tshiab ntawm kev ruaj ntseg architecture
Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam kiv puag ncig, niaj hnub architecture thiab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv muaj hnub nyoog, batches ntawm loj thiab kim vaj tse nyob ruaj khov tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv, uas ua rau muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg uas tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua.Cov pov tseg loj ntawm cov peev txheej tau ua rau tib neeg niaj hnub nug txog "kev ruaj khov" ntawm architecture.Tus kws kes duab vajtse Japanese Toyo Ito ib zaug tau taw qhia tias kev tsim vaj tsev yuav tsum tsis muaj tseeb thiab qhov tshwm sim tam sim.
Lub sijhawm no, qhov zoo ntawm cov tsev nyob ib ntus tau nthuav tawm.Tom qab cov tsev nyob ib ntus ua tiav lawv lub luag haujlwm, lawv yuav tsis ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig, uas yog raws li cov kev cai ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab kev tsim kho nroog kom ruaj khov.
Nyob rau hauv 2000, Shigeru Ban thiab German kws kes duab vajtse Frei Otto tsim cov ntawv raj arched dome rau Nyiv Pavilion ntawm lub ntiaj teb Expo nyob rau hauv Hannover, lub teb chaws Yelemees, uas attracted thoob ntiaj teb.Vim yog qhov xwm txheej ib ntus ntawm Expo pavilion, Japanese pavilion yuav raug rhuav tshem tom qab tsib lub hlis ntawm kev nthuav tawm, thiab tus tsim qauv tau txiav txim siab txog qhov teeb meem ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab thaum pib tsim.
Yog li ntawd, lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev yog ua los ntawm cov ntawv raj, ntawv zaj duab xis thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv, uas txo qhov kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig thiab pab txhawb kev rov ua dua tshiab.
Nyiv Pavilion ntawm Ntiaj Teb Expo hauv Hannover, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees (Source: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev npaj lub lag luam tshiab ib ntus chaw ua hauj lwm qhov project rau Xiongan New Area, lub xeev-theem tshiab cheeb tsam, tus kws kes duab vajtse Cui Kai siv lub thawv tshuab kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm "ceev" thiab "ntev" kev tsim kho.Nws tuaj yeem hloov mus rau qhov chaw sib txawv thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm thaj chaw siv tsis ntev los no.Yog tias muaj lwm yam kev xav tau yav tom ntej, nws kuj tuaj yeem hloov kho kom haum rau ntau qhov chaw.Thaum lub tsev ua tiav nws txoj haujlwm tam sim no, nws tuaj yeem yooj yim disassembled thiab rov siv dua, rov ua dua rau lwm qhov chaw thiab siv dua.
Xiongan New Area Enterprise Temporary Office Project (qhov chaw: Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Architecture, Tianjin University)
Txij li thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, nrog rau kev tso tawm ntawm "Agenda 21 ntawm lub Olympic Movement: Kev ua si rau Sustainable Development", lub Olympic ua si tau ua ntau thiab ntau ze ze rau lub tswv yim ntawm kev loj hlob sustainable, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub caij ntuj no Olympics, uas yuav tsum tau. kev tsim kho ntawm ski resorts nyob rau hauv lub roob..Txhawm rau kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm Kev Ua Si, yav dhau los Lub Caij Ntuj Sov Olympics tau siv ntau lub tsev nyob ib ntus los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov chaw pabcuam.
Nyob rau xyoo 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics, Cypress Roob tau tsim ntau lub tsev pheeb suab ib ntus nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lub tsev ua haujlwm snow;Nyob rau hauv 2014 Sochi Lub caij ntuj no Olympics, txog li 90% ntawm cov chaw ib ntus tau siv nyob rau hauv veneer thiab freestyle venues;Hauv 2018 PyeongChang Lub Caij Ntuj Sov Olympics, kwv yees li 80% ntawm ntau dua 20,000 square metres ntawm qhov chaw sab hauv tsev hauv Phoenix Ski Park kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim yog lub tsev ib ntus.
Nyob rau hauv Beijing Winter Olympics nyob rau hauv 2022, Yunding Ski Park nyob rau hauv Chongli, Zhangjiakou tuav 20 kev sib tw nyob rau hauv ob pawg: freestyle skiing thiab snowboarding.90% ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm lub caij ntuj no Olympics nyob ntawm lub tsev ib ntus, nrog thaj tsam li 22,000 Square meters ntawm qhov chaw ib ntus, yuav luag txog qib ntawm lub nroog me me.Cov qauv ib ntus no txo cov hneev taw mus tas li ntawm qhov chaw thiab tseem cia chaw rau thaj chaw ua haujlwm caij ski tsis tu ncua kom hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv.
03 Thaum architecture tsis muaj kev txwv, yuav muaj ntau dua
Cov tsev nyob ib ntus muaj lub neej luv luv thiab tsim kev txwv tsawg dua ntawm qhov chaw thiab cov ntaub ntawv, uas yuav ua rau cov kws tsim vaj tsev muaj chav ntau dua los ua si thiab rov txheeb xyuas qhov tseem ceeb thiab muaj tswv yim ntawm cov tsev.
Lub Serpentine Gallery hauv London, England, yog undoubtedly ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau sawv cev lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.txij li xyoo 2000, Serpentine Gallery tau tso cai rau tus kws kos duab lossis pab pawg kws tsim qauv tsim lub tsev so lub caij ntuj sov ib ntus txhua xyoo.Yuav ua li cas thiaj nrhiav tau ntau dua hauv cov tsev ib ntus yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm Serpentine Gallery rau cov kws tsim vaj tsev.
Thawj tus tsim qauv caw los ntawm Serpentine Gallery hauv xyoo 2000 yog Zaha Hadid.Zaha lub tswv yim tsim yog tso tseg lub tsev pheeb suab qub qub thiab rov txhais lub ntsiab lus thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev pheeb suab ntaub.Lub koom haum Serpentine Gallery tau nrhiav thiab tsom rau "kev hloov pauv thiab kev tsim kho tshiab" tau ntau xyoo.
(Qhov chaw: Archdaily)
Lub 2015 Serpentine Gallery ib ntus pavilion tau ua tiav los ntawm Spanish designers José Selgas thiab Lucía Cano.Lawv tej hauj lwm siv cov xim bold thiab zoo li menyuam yaus, rhuav tshem cov style dull ntawm xyoo dhau los thiab coj ntau yam surprises rau tib neeg.Kev tshoov siab los ntawm cov neeg coob coob hauv lub tsheb ciav hlau hauv London, tus kws tsim vaj tsev tsim lub pavilion raws li lub qhov loj heev, qhov chaw uas tib neeg tuaj yeem hnov qhov kev xyiv fab ntawm thaum yau thaum lawv taug kev los ntawm cov yas zaj duab xis translucent.
(Qhov chaw: Archdaily)
Hauv ntau txoj haujlwm, cov tsev ib ntus kuj tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb.Thaum lub sijhawm ua koob tsheej "Burning Man" hauv Tebchaws Meskas thaum Lub Yim Hli 2018, tus kws kos duab Arthur Mamou-Mani tau tsim lub tuam tsev hu ua "Galaxia", uas muaj 20 lub cav ntoo hauv cov qauv kauv, zoo li lub ntiaj teb loj heev.Tom qab qhov kev tshwm sim, cov tsev ib ntus no yuav raug rhuav tshem, ib yam li cov xuab zeb paintings ntawm mandala nyob rau hauv Tibetan Buddhism, ceeb toom rau tib neeg: saib xyuas lub sijhawm.
(Qhov chaw: Archdaily)
Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2020, nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm peb lub nroog ntawm Beijing, Wuhan thiab Xiamen, peb lub tsev ntoo me tau tsim yuav luag ib ntus.Nov yog qhov tshaj tawm hauv CCTV's "Reader".Thaum lub sij hawm peb-hnub tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv thiab ob-lub lim tiam tom ntej no qhib, tag nrho ntawm 672 tus neeg los ntawm peb lub nroog tau nkag mus rau qhov chaw nyeem nrov nrov los hais.Peb lub cabins tau pom lub sijhawm thaum lawv tuav phau ntawv thiab nyeem lawv lub siab, thiab pom lawv qhov mob, kev xyiv fab, kev ua siab loj thiab kev cia siab.
Txawm hais tias nws siv sijhawm tsawg dua ob lub hlis los ntawm kev tsim, kev tsim kho, siv rau kev rhuav tshem, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg uas tau coj los ntawm lub tsev ib ntus yog tsim nyog rau kev saib xyuas zoo los ntawm cov kws tsim vaj tsev.
(Source: CCTV's "Reader")
Tau pom cov tsev nyob ib ntus uas sov so, radicalism thiab avant-garde coexist, koj puas muaj kev nkag siab tshiab ntawm architecture?
Tus nqi ntawm lub tsev tsis yog dag nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm tuav, tab sis nyob rau hauv seb nws pab los yog txhawb cov neeg.Los ntawm qhov kev xav no, tej vaj tse nyob ib ntus qhia yog ib tug ntsuj plig nyob mus ib txhis.
Tej zaum ib tug menyuam yaus uas tau nyob hauv ib lub tsev ib ntus thiab taug kev ncig Serpentine Gallery tuaj yeem dhau los ua tus yeej Pritzker Prize tom ntej.
Post lub sij hawm: 21-04-22